Chapter 3. Health Effects of E‐Cigarette Use Among U.S. Youth and Young Adults (in E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General)

Effects of Aerosol Inhalation by the E‐Cigarette User 100 Dose and Effects of Inhaling Aerosolized Nicotine 100 Aerosolized Nicotine and Cardiovascular Function 101 Aerosolized Nicotine and Dependence 102 Effects of Nicotine in Youth Users 104 Nicotine Exposure from Maternal Nicotine Consumption: Prenatal and Postnatal Health Outcomes 108 Summary 113 Effects of the Inhalation of Aerosol Constituents Other than Nicotine 114 Aerosolized Nicotine‐Related Compounds 114 Aerosolized Solvents 115 Aerosolized Flavorants 115 Aerosolized Adulterants 116 Summary 117 Effects of Toxicants Produced During Aerosolization 118 Summary 119 Effects Not Involving Inhalation of Aerosol by the E‐Cigarette User 119 Health Effects Attributable to Explosions and Fires Caused by E‐Cigarettes 119 Health Effects Caused by Ingestion of E‐Cigarette Liquids 119 Secondhand Exposure to the Constituents of E‐Cigarette Aerosol 120 Exposure to Nonusers 120 Movement of E‐Cigarette Aerosol 121 Exposure to E‐Cigarette Aerosol and Considerations of Dose 121 Health Effects of Secondhand Exposure to E‐Cigarette Aerosols 122